”Russian Way of Modernization:
Imperial and Soviet Experience (18th – 20th Centuries)“
From the Editor
The thematic issue of “Historical courier” brings together researchers who study the problems of the history of modernization in Russia and its major regions (Center, Urals, Siberia) during the Imperial and Soviet periods. The social significance of these historical studies at the beginning of 21st century is more than obvious: every modern person is a kind of end result of the previous three-century era, which passed under the banner of modernization. This explains the subconscious interest of intellectuals to such issues, which are a scientific manifestation of modern cultural identity.
Economy and Society
E.Yu. Rukosuev, G.N. Shumkin
Gold Mining Industry of the Urals of the Middle of the 18th – Beginning of the 20th Centuries: Periods of Development
The authors based on various official statistical sources, primarily information from the Mining Department and Mining scientific Committee, present data on gold mining in the Urals and in Russia from 1754 to 1920 years. On the basis of these data the article attempt sto identify stages in the development of the gold mining industry in the Urals at the specified time.
Publishing: 28/02/2020
How to cite: Rukosuev E.Yu., Shumkin G.N. Gold Mining Industry of the Urals of the Middle of the 18th – Beginning of the 20th Centuries: Periods of Development // Historical Courier, 2020, No. 1 (9), pp. 7–21. [Available online:] http://istkurier.ru/data/2020/ISTKURIER-2020-1-01.pdf
Economy and Society
E.V. Alekseeva
Actors of Technological Modernization of Russia and the Diffusion of Open-hearth Production in the Second Half of 19th – early 20th Century
The article is dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the open-hearth production in Russia. The author analyzes the diffusion of this crucial technological innovation, which served as one of the important material basis for the modernization spurt of the late Russian Empire. The attention is focused on the chief actors that introduced new technologies – engineers, technicians and entrepreneurs.
Publishing: 28/02/2020
How to cite: Alekseeva E.V. Actors of Technological Modernization of Russia and the Diffusion of Open-hearth Production in the Second Half of 19th – early 20th Century // Historical Courier, 2020, No. 1 (9), pp. 22–36. [Available online:] http://istkurier.ru/data/2020/ISTKURIER-2020-1-02.pdf
Economy and Society
A.I. Timoshenko
Modernization of the Soviet Economy and Society in the Siberian Region
Industrial modernization and the formation of industrial civilization in Russia began during the imperial period, but the most significant results were obtained in Soviet times. One of the first industrial programs in the Ural-Siberian region was the formation of the Ural-Siberian industrial plant. As part of the program new cities, various industrial enterprises, new transport routes were built in the Urals and Siberia.
Publishing: 28/02/2020
How to cite: Timoshenko A.I. Modernization of the Soviet Economy and Society in the Siberian Region // Historical Courier, 2020, No. 1 (9), pp. 37–46. [Available online:] http://istkurier.ru/data/2020/ISTKURIER-2020-1-03.pdf
Economy and Society
V.I. Isaev
The Processes of Modernization in the Life of Workers in Siberia During the Years of the First Five-Year Plans (1928–1937)
The article discusses the causes and conditions of modernization in the everyday life of Siberian workers in the years of the first five-year plans. The problems of socialist restructuring of life and the creation of socialist cities in Siberia are highlighted. It is shown that during the first five-year periods the cities of Siberia experienced a housing crisis, most of the workers were forced to live in barracks, dugouts, communal apartments.
Publishing: 28/02/2020
How to cite: Isaev V.I. The Processes of Modernization in the Life of Workers in Siberia During the Years of the First Five-Year Plans (1928–1937) // Historical Courier, 2020, No. 1 (9), pp. 47–55. [Available online:] http://istkurier.ru/data/2020/ISTKURIER-2020-1-04.pdf
Economy and Society
S.A. Krasilnikov
The Sphere of Labor in Siberia in the OGPU Coverage: Prologue of “Extraordinarity” (the First Half of 1930)
Radical shifts in all spheres of life of the early Soviet society, which were later called the “revolution from above”, had as their prologue the rapid growth of social tension and conflict dynamics, inevitably affecting the field of labor and labor relations.
Publishing: 28/02/2020
How to cite: Krasilnikov S.A. The Sphere of Labor in Siberia in the OGPU Coverage: Prologue of “Extraordinarity” (the First Half of 1930) // Historical Courier, 2020, No. 1 (9), pp. 56–68. [Available online:] http://istkurier.ru/data/2020/ISTKURIER-2020-1-05.pdf
Economy and Society
R.E. Romanov
Archetype, Tradition, Modern: the Phenomenon of Stakhanov’s Work 1941–1945 (Based on the Materials of the Siberian Military Industry)
The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of Stakhanov’s labor in the wartime by the example of the “defense industry” of the Siberian rear. The movement of the leading workers of production is considered as a combination of motivational factors – remuneration, incitement and compulsion, enshrined in the state strategies and practices of stimulating the working class.
Publishing: 28/02/2020
How to cite: Romanov R.E. Archetype, Tradition, Modern: the Phenomenon of Stakhanov’s Work 1941–1945 (Based on the Materials of the Siberian Military Industry) // Historical Courier, 2020, No. 1 (9), pp. 69–80. [Available online:] http://istkurier.ru/data/2020/ISTKURIER-2020-1-06.pdf
Economy and Society
K.P. Pribytkova
“To Fulfill the Plan at Any Cost”: The Problem of Motivation for Quality Work on Machine-building Enterprises of Altai Territory in the 1940s–1980s
The article investigates the practices of motivating workers for high-quality work on the machine-building enterprises of the Altai Territory in the 1940s–1980s. The research was carried out on the basis of microhistorical approach. Three machine-building enterprises were chosen as objects of study: the Barnaul Transport Machinery Plant (Transmash), the Altai Tractor Plant (ATZ) and the Barnaul Railway Car Repair Plant (VRZ).
Publishing: 28/02/2020
How to cite: Pribytkova K.P. “To Fulfill the Plan at Any Cost”: The Problem of Motivation for Quality Work on Machine-building Enterprises of Altai Territory in the 1940s–1980s // Historical Courier, 2020, No. 1 (9), pp. 81–91. [Available online:] http://istkurier.ru/data/2020/ISTKURIER-2020-1-07.pdf
Economy and Society
E.G. Vodichev
On the Periphery of Science: Higher Education Establishments in the East of the USSR During the “Late Stalinism” Years
The paper is devoted to identifying the place of higher education establishments as part of the scientific potential of the eastern regions of the country in the second half of the 1940s – early 1950s. It contains the analysis of correlations between capacities of the institutions of higher education and the priorities of current and future economic policies in the East of the USSR. The sectoral and territorial structure of higher education establishments is presented, and the potential of higher education personnel is assessed.
Publishing: 28/02/2020
How to cite: Vodichev E.G. On the Periphery of Science: Higher Education Establishments in the East of the USSR During the “Late Stalinism” Years // Historical Courier, 2020, No. 1 (9), pp. 92–104. [Available online:] http://istkurier.ru/data/2020/ISTKURIER-2020-1-08.pdf
Power and Society
A.V. Mamaev
NKVD, Economic Councils and the Birth of Communal Departments in Soviet Russia (1918–1920)
The article studies the process of organizational and functional transformation of local government in the first years of Soviet power. During disputes and conflicts on the local level and in the center, under conditions of rivalry between the NKVD and the Supreme Economic Council, communal departments appeared and took shape.
Publishing: 28/02/2020
How to cite: Mamaev A.V. NKVD, Economic Councils and the Birth of Communal Departments in Soviet Russia (1918–1920) // Historical Courier, 2020, No. 1 (9). pp. 105–116. [Available online:] http://istkurier.ru/data/2020/ISTKURIER-2020-1-09.pdf
Power and Society
V.N. Razgon
Struggle Against “Sabotage” of Grain Collection Campaigns as Part of the NKVD Mass Operation by Order No. 00447: Repressive Action in the Solton District of Altai Region
The article considers the consecution, results and consequences of the repressive action aimed at suppressing the “sabotage of grain procurements” which was carried out in November 1937 in the Solton district of the Altai krai as a part of a mass operation based on the order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 00447.
Publishing: 28/02/2020
How to cite: Razgon V.N. Struggle Against “Sabotage” of Grain Collection Campaigns as Part of the NKVD Mass Operation by Order No. 00447: Repressive Action in the Solton District of Altai Region // Historical Courier, 2020, No. 1 (9), pp. 117–128. [Available online:] http://istkurier.ru/data/2020/ISTKURIER-2020-1-10.pdf
Power and Society
R.Sh. Khakimov
How Chelyabinsk Regional Committee of VKP(b) Tried to Dissolve “Kulak” Collective Farm in 1946
The article deals with the history of collective farm “Vperyod” established in the Chelyabinsk region by former “kulaks”. Despite the dictatorship of the party and Soviet institutions, collective farm achieved steady growth of the wealth of its members, and became collective farm-“millionaire”. The farm took measures to reduce its dependence on state MTS, introducing advanced technology and electrifying production.
Publishing: 28/02/2020
How to cite: Khakimov R.Sh. How Chelyabinsk Regional Committee of VKP(b) Tried to Dissolve “Kulak” Collective Farm in 1946 // Historical Courier, 2020, No. 1 (9), pp. 129–139. [Available online:] http://istkurier.ru/data/2020/ISTKURIER-2020-1-11.pdf
Demographic Process
V.A. Isupov
History of Western Siberia in the Context of Demographic Modernization (1900s–1950s)
Demographic modernization is a worldwide, global process. By today it has been completed in most countries of Western Europe and North America, as well as in some of the most developed countries of Asia and Latin America. In some countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America the process continues.
Publishing: 28/02/2020
How to cite: Isupov V.A. History of Western Siberia in the Context of Demographic Modernization (1900s–1950s) // Historical Courier, 2020, No. 1 (9), pp. 140–153. [Available online:] http://istkurier.ru/data/2020/ISTKURIER-2020-1-12.pdf
Demographic Process
V.A. Zverev, S.V. Kosygina
Population Dynamics and Reproduction of the Population of Tobolsk Provincete During the First World War
The article focuses on spatial analysis of Perm province’s commercial and manufacturing development in the early 20th century. Perm province, the biggest and most eastern province in European Russia, occupied a vast territory of 332.000 sq km and had a population of almost 3 mln people according to the 1897 census.
Publishing: 28/02/2020
How to cite: Zverev V.A., Kosygina S.V. Population Dynamics and Reproduction of the Population of Tobolsk Provincete During the First World War // Historical Courier, 2020, No. 1 (9), pp. 154–163. [Available online:] http://istkurier.ru/data/2020/ISTKURIER-2020-1-13.pdf
Open Archives
M.V. Zabrovskaya, E.Yu. Shirokova
Documents for the Biography of Graphic Artist and Ethnographer N.N. Nagorskaya from the Archive of the Regional House of Folk Art in Novosibirsk
The article introduces into scientific circulation a number of documents related to the name of ta famous Siberian graphic artist, ethnographer Natalia Nikolaevna Nagorskaya. Through comparison of the dates indicated in the studied sources, written by the artist herself, the data on her biography from the year of birth to 1946 (when she worked in the Novosibirsk regional house of folk art) is clarified.
Publishing: 28/02/2020
How to cite: Zabrovskaya M.V., Shirokova E.Yu. Documents for the Biography of Graphic Artist and Ethnographer N.N. Nagorskaya from the Archive of the Regional House of Folk Art in Novosibirsk // Historical Courier, 2020, No. 1 (9), pp. 164–178. [Available online:] http://istkurier.ru/data/2020/ISTKURIER-2020-1-14.pdf
Open Archives
A.G. Teplyakov
M.P. Schrader’s Memories “Life of the Officer of Secret Police” (Part 3)
The author publishes the third part of extensive memories of a prominent security officer M.P. Shrader (1902–1978) “Life of the officer of secret police”. This part refers to the period of 1922–1925. Mikhail Shrader worked in many regions of the country, was close to some large security officers. He remembered a set of episodes from concrete work of Cheka–OGPU–NKVD concerning political opponents and criminal elements, as well as everyday life of leadership team of Stalin’s secret police.
Publishing: 28/02/2020
How to cite: Teplyakov A.G. M.P. Schrader’s Memories “Life of the Officer of Secret Police” (Part 3) // Historical Courier, 2020, No. 1 (9), pp. 179–229. [Available online:] http://istkurier.ru/data/2020/ISTKURIER-2020-1-15.pdf
Open Archives
S.A. Papkov
To Women of America – on Сollective Farms Successes: How Official Propaganda Was Reflected in the Mass Consciousness of Soviet People of the 1930s
A letter is published by collective farmers of one of the regions of Altai to the women of America in March, 1932 in connection with International Women’s Day. The letter depicts a picture of the successful “building of socialism” in Siberia against the background of the “backwardness” of the village under tsarist autocracy and calls for the solidarity of the “world proletariat”.
Publishing: 28/02/2020
How to cite: Papkov S.A. To Women of America – on Сollective Farms Successes: How Official Propaganda Was Reflected in the Mass Consciousness of Soviet People of the 1930s // Historical Courier, 2020, No. 1 (9), pp. 230–234. [Available online:] http://istkurier.ru/data/2020/ISTKURIER-2020-1-16.pdf
Open Archives
N.Yu. Pivovarov
G.M. Malenkov and Energy Development Plans for Eastern Siberia. December 1955
The publication introduces to scientific circulation G.M. Malenkov’s report on the creation of an energy base in the east of the USSR and the development of a complex of energy-intensive industries on its basis. A content of the document is important for understanding both the history of the Angara-Yenisei industrial region and the history of hydropower in the USSR.
Publishing: 28/02/2020
How to cite: Pivovarov N.Yu. G.M. Malenkov and Energy Development Plans for Eastern Siberia. December 1955 // Historical Courier, 2020, No. 1 (9), pp. 235–260. [Available online:] http://istkurier.ru/data/2020/ISTKURIER-2020-1-17.pdf
Scientific Life
E.I. Makhotina
Report on the Conference “Detention Facilities as Multifunctional Spaces in Western Europe and Russia in the 16th–19th Centuries”, 4–5 September 2019
Publishing: 28/02/2020
How to cite: Makhotina E.I. Report on the Conference “Detention Facilities as Multifunctional Spaces in Western Europe and Russia in the 16th–19th Centuries”, 4–5 September 2019 // Historical Courier, 2020, No 1 (9), pp. 261–264. [Available online:] http://istkurier.ru/data/2020/ISTKURIER-2020-1-18.pdf
Scientific Life
N.A. Kupershtokh
Report on the XIII International Scientific and Practical Conference “History of Science and Technology. Museum Business”, Moscow, December 3–5, 2019
Publishing: 28/02/2020
How to cite: Kupershtokh N.A. Report on the XIII International Scientific and Practical Conference “History of Science and Technology. Museum Business”, Moscow, December 3–5, 2019 // Historical Courier, 2020, No. 1 (9), pp. 265–267. [Available online:] http://istkurier.ru/data/2020/ISTKURIER-2020-1-19.pdf