From the Editor
Science as a sociocultural phenomenon is a complex system in which man and his activities, society, the state, and culture are united by means of organization and self-organization. Science is inextricably linked with the life of society, the state, and civilization, and the history of science and the history of mankind are interactive. Individual manifestations of scientisation have taken place in history since ancient times, the formation of scientific directions, the development of methods, terminology have been going on since Antiquity. The formation and development of science in its modern understanding takes place in Modern times (16th − early 20th century), when it acquires the importance of one of the main elements of culture and criteria for the differentiation of the era. It is logical that the issue of the Historical Courier magazine with the theme “Traditions and innovations in the history of science: Pro et Contra” chronologically opens articles that actualize and solve the problems of the history and historiography of Modern science in Russia of the 18th century, in the classical and non-classical models (paradigms) of which the basic principles and methods of scientific knowledge were formulated, which were innovative for their era, but later became traditions of epistemology and retain their significance, adjusted for time, for researchers of the 21st century.